Stakeholder Performance Measurement in Nonprofit Organizations

According to recent findings, nonprofit organizations should address the relationships of nonprofit service quality, satisfaction, loyalty, and organizational identification when planning and evaluating donor surveys. This article presents a donor satisfaction barometer that can be used to gain insights into the strength of these key relationships and thereby establish a basis for calculated relevant indices. With such indices, nonprofit organizations can compare stakeholder performance over time and benchmark themselves against other organizations. Data from 2,599 blood donors to one section of the German Red Cross, collected through the proposed donor satisfaction barometer, show that service quality drives satisfaction, and donor satisfaction and organizational identification both exert significant positive effects on donor loyalty. Therefore, nonprofit organizations should use a combined strategic approach that improves both donor satisfaction and organizational identification to increase donor loyalty. The successful application of the donor satisfaction barometer also suggests its value for other nonprofit industries and offers important insights for managers.     

Comparing measures of general and abdominal adiposity as predictors of blood pressure in college students

Objective: To compare anthropometric measures of body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), waist-to-height ratio (WHtR), and sagittal abdominal diameter (SAD) as predictors of blood pressure in college students. Participants: Students (N = 116) were recruited from November 2012 to May 2014 at an urban university and rural community colleges. Methods: Students underwent a brief physical examination during which anthropometric measures were obtained and blood pressure was measured. Covariates were measured using self-reported questionnaires. Hierarchical multiple linear regressions were used for the data analysis. Results: All anthropometric measures were predictive of systolic (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP). WC was the strongest predictor of SBP (β = .582, p < .01) explaining an additional 3–4% of the variance than BMI, WHtR, or SAD. The measures were similar in predicting DBP. WC predicted SBP independent of BMI. Conclusions: Clinicians should consider using WC to assess the risk for hypertension in college students.     

人牲与血祭——宝鸡血社火的地缘历史文化追溯

以宝鸡赤沙为代表的陕西血社火首先是一种祭祀,相信神灵的存在并向其献祭,是其基本的文化内涵。在这一前提下,血社火中所扮演的人物身份和角色以及故事情节倒是次要的,重要的是其刀劈斧砍、剑刺凳扎及铡刀铡额、利剑穿腹的瞬间残酷的杀人场面。血社火的这一共同而基本的特征蕴含了从原始社会流传下来的古代祭祀的两个重要而独特的因素——人牲和血祭。所有的血故事,无论情节多么曲折,人物形象多么丰满而逼真,或善或恶,都投射了古代以亲子为牲,以族人为牲,以仇人为牲,以俘虏为牲的影子。鲜红的血迹凝结为人们关于几千年来神秘而恐怖的祭祀文化集体无意识的象征符号。这种关于殷周祭祀文化的集体无意识以生命传承的方式依然存留在现代陕西的民间社会,它是生长血社火这一独特民间文化奇葩的根。     

妊娠期糖尿病孕妇系统健康教育效果的观察——以南京市妇幼保健院为例

文章选取了120名妊娠期糖尿病孕妇,随机分为系统健康教育组和传统健康教育组,观察两组血糖控制情况及妊娠结局,以探讨系统健康教育对妊娠期糖尿病孕妇的干预效果。结果发现,系统教育组和传统教育组均可使血糖下降,且系统教育组要优于传统教育组,差异有统计学意义。两组在分娩方式、新生儿体重、巨大儿、妊高症、羊水过多、早产儿、胎儿宫内窘迫等方面比较无显著差异;在胎膜早破、产时失血方面,系统健康教育组低于传统健康教育组,差异有统计学意义。据此认为,系统健康教育有助于妊娠期糖尿病孕妇控制血糖和降低产科并发症。     

MF-多源治疗仪对高血脂大鼠血脂的影响

目的建立高血脂模型,探讨MF-多源治疗仪对高血脂大鼠各项血脂的影响。方法 wistar大鼠随机分为正常组和高血脂组。正常组用普通饲料饲养,高血脂组用高脂饲料喂养,喂养20天建立高血脂模型。模型建立后,重新分组,原正常组剩下的大鼠仍然是正常组(Ⅰ组),原高血脂组剩下的大鼠随机分成高血脂模型组(Ⅱ组)和MF-多源治疗仪照射组(Ⅲ组),其中Ⅲ组在MF-多源治疗仪照射15天后,对大鼠血脂水平、血液的生化指标和血流变学指标进行分析。结果表明:Ⅱ组与Ⅰ组比较,谷丙转氨酶、谷草转氨酶、总蛋白、白蛋白、总胆固醇、甘油三酯、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇、全血粘度、全血还原粘度、红细胞聚集指数等指标均有明显差异(P<0.05);Ⅲ组与Ⅱ组比较,谷丙转氨酶、谷草转氨酶、总蛋白、白蛋白、总胆固醇、甘油三酯、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇、全血粘度、全血还原粘度、红细胞聚集指数原等指标均有明显差异(P<0.05),而高密度脂蛋白胆固醇升高极显著(P<0.01)。这表明MF-多源治疗仪照射对高血脂症有良好的保健效果,对心血管疾病有预防作用。     

支气管肺癌老年患者医院感染的易患因素分析

目的 对支气管肺癌老年患者医院感染进行临床分析,重点分析其易患因素.方法 对189例支气管肺癌老年患者进行医院感染临床分析,包括发生率、感染部位、感染病原菌,并对病程、住院时间、是否使用广谱抗生素、侵袭性操作、使用糖皮质激素等项目进行易感的单因素分析.结果 189例支气管肺癌老年患者发生医院感染42例,其中呼吸道感染发病率最高,细菌培养以G-杆菌和G+球菌最多见.病程长、化疗的次数多、住院时间久、广谱抗生素和糖皮质激素的使用以及侵袭性操作均增加了医院感染的机会.结论 针对支气管肺癌老年患者医院感染的易患因素,临床应采取积极措施,预防医院感染.     

汉民族传统观念对汉语造词的影响刍议

汉民族传统观念对汉语造词具有非常重要的影响。汉民族“尊卑有序 ,长幼有别”的观念 ,不仅使汉语中产生了大量的反映这种观念的词 ,而且影响到汉语某些词内词素的次序 ;历史上“惟我独尊 ,排斥异己”观念使汉语总是消极地吸收外来词 ,使汉语中产生了很多具有外来色彩标志的词 ;“语言拜物教”的观念使得汉语中产生了不少具有汉民族特色的禁忌语和委婉语     

技术创新能力的区域特征及其影响因素研究 ——兼论湖南技术创新的问题与对策

技术创新是企业生存与发展的根本保证，也是一个地区、一个国家经济增长的主要根源。为了更好的推动我国各地区的技术创新，为宏观政策的制定和宏观管理提供依据，有必要对我国技术创新能力的区域特征进行定性和定量分析，并探讨其相关影响因素。     

Quantitative Risk Estimation for a Legionella pneumophila Infection Due to Whirlpool Use

Quantitative microbiological risk assessment was used to quantify the risk associated with the exposure to Legionella pneumophila in a whirlpool. Conceptually, air bubbles ascend to the surface, intercepting Legionella from the traversed water. At the surface the bubble bursts into dominantly noninhalable jet drops and inhalable film drops. Assuming that film drops carry half of the intercepted Legionella, a total of four (95% interval: 1–9) and 4.5×10⁴ (4.4×10⁴ – 4.7×10⁴) cfu/min were estimated to be aerosolized for concentrations of 1 and 1,000 legionellas per liter, respectively. Using a dose‐response model for guinea pigs to represent humans, infection risks for active whirlpool use with 100 cfu/L water for 15 minutes were 0.29 (～0.11–0.48) for susceptible males and 0.22 (～0.06–0.42) for susceptible females. A L. pneumophila concentration of ≥1,000 cfu/L water was estimated to nearly always cause an infection (mean: 0.95; 95% interval: 0.9–～1). Estimated infection risks were time‐dependent, ranging from 0.02 (0–0.11) for 1‐minute exposures to 0.93 (0.86–0.97) for 2‐hour exposures when the L. pneumophila concentration was 100 cfu/L water. Pool water in Dutch bathing establishments should contain <100 cfu Legionella/L water. This study suggests that stricter provisions might be required to assure adequate public health protection.